A Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test is a medical diagnostic test that measures the density and strength of a person's bones, typically in the hip and spine regions. It is commonly used to assess bone health and the risk of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones that are more prone to fractures.
There are different methods for performing BMD tests, but the most commonly used one is Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA). During a DEXA scan, a small amount of X-ray radiation is used to measure the amount of calcium and other minerals in a specific area of bone. The results are typically reported as a T-score, which compares an individual's BMD to the average BMD of a young, healthy adult of the same sex. A lower T-score indicates lower bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
BMD testing is important for assessing and monitoring bone health, especially in postmenopausal women and older adults who are at a higher risk of osteoporosis. It can help identify individuals who may benefit from lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, or medications to improve bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Your healthcare provider can recommend a BMD test if they believe it is necessary based on your age, sex, medical history, and risk factors.
